Becoming a U.S. citizen is one of the most significant milestones in an immigrant's life. Naturalization — the legal process by which a lawful permanent resident becomes a citizen — involves meeting specific eligibility requirements, filing an application, attending an interview, and taking the Oath of Allegiance. This guide walks you through the process as it stands in 2026.
Basic Eligibility Requirements
To apply for naturalization, you generally must be at least 18 years old, have been a lawful permanent resident for at least five years (or three years if you obtained your green card through marriage to a U.S. citizen), have had continuous residence in the United States during that period, have been physically present in the U.S. for at least half of the required residency period, have been a person of good moral character during the statutory period, be able to read, write, and speak basic English, and have knowledge of U.S. history and government.
The Application: Form N-400
Naturalization begins with filing Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, with USCIS. As of 2024, the filing fee for the N-400 is $760 for most applicants. USCIS also charges an $85 biometrics fee. Fee waivers are available for eligible applicants.
The Naturalization Interview and Civics Test
After your application is processed, USCIS will schedule a naturalization interview at your local USCIS office. At the interview, an officer will review your application, test your ability to speak and understand English, and administer the civics test. The civics test consists of ten questions drawn from a list of 100 possible questions about U.S. history and government. You must answer at least six of the ten questions correctly to pass.
The Oath of Allegiance
If your application is approved at or after your interview, you will be scheduled for a naturalization ceremony where you will take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States. Upon taking the oath, you become a U.S. citizen.
What If Your Application Is Delayed or Denied?
If USCIS fails to make a decision on your naturalization application within 120 days of your interview, you have the right to file a petition in federal district court asking the court to rule on your application directly. If your application is denied, you have the right to request a hearing before an immigration officer and, if necessary, to seek review in federal court.
The attorneys at Parikh & Prasad, PC assist lawful permanent residents in evaluating their eligibility for naturalization, preparing their applications, and representing them through the process. Contact us to discuss your path to citizenship.
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